 |
 Vitamins |
 RDA/AI
 |
 Function
 |
 Upper Limits*/CRN Upper Limits**
 |
 Dosage for Additional Benefits
 |
 Health Benefits/Role
 |
 |
 |
|
|

 | A cofactor for enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein | 
 | Involved in the formation of RNA and DNA | 
 | May modulate gene expression
|
|
|
|

 | Healthy Metabolism |
|
 |
|
|
| 550 mg adult males/425 mg adult females |
|

 | Important for the integrity of cell membranes | 
 | Supports brain development and function | 
 | Necessary for metabolism of fat | 
 | Prevents fat accumulation in the liver; helps liver and gallbladder function properly
|
|
| NA There are no known toxic effects from choline though high doses could aggravate epileptic conditions because of its nerve-stimulating effects. |
|
|

 | Cognitive function/brain health |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Nucleic acid synthesis | 
 | Gene expression | 
 | Methylation | 
 | Red/white blood cell |
|
|
|

 | Healthy homocysteine levels | 
 | Prenatal |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Improved nutrient status in those at risk for deficiencies |
|
|
| 1 per day or as directed. |
|

 | Heart health | 
 | Upper respiratory tract health |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Helps release energy from protein, CHO, & fats. |
|
35 mg/day UL applies to synthetic forms only |
|
25 mg-100 mg Higher dosing under physician supervision |
|

 | High cholesterol | 
 | High triglyceride |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Release of energy from carbohydrates, lipid metabolism. |
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Maintains normal function of lungs, eyes, teeth and gums. |
|
10,000 IU CRN UL 5,000 IU |
|
5,000 IU Higher dosing under physician supervision |
|

 | Immune health | 
 | Skin health | 
 | Eye Health |
|
 |
|
|

 | 1.1 (f) mg/day | 
 | 1.2 (m) mg/day |
|

 | Helps body cells convert food into energy |
|
|
|

 | N/A |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Red blood cell formation | 
 | Normal metabolism | 
 | Methylation |
|
|
|

 | Healthy homocysteine levels |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin & is essential in the functioning of other B vitamins. |
|
|
|

 | Healthy blood flow |
|
 |
|
|

 | 1.3 mg (m/f 19-50) | 
 | 1.7 mg (m 51+) | 
 | 1.5 mg (f 51+) |
|

 | Insulin, antibody, hemoglobin, & niacin, formation |
|
|
|

 | Healthy homocysteine levels | 
 | Menstruation/menstrual cycle |
|
 |
|
|

 | 75 mg (f) | 
 | 90 mg (m) | 
 | + 35 mg (smokers) |
|

 | Effective antioxidant | 
 | Collagen synthesis | 
 | Prevents scurvy |
|
|
|

 | Immune health | 
 | Skin health | 
 | Diabetes support | 
 | Heart health | 
 | Eye Health |
|
 |
|
|

 | 9-50 y/o 200 IU | 
 | 51-70 y/o 400 IU | 
 | 70 y/o 600 IU |
|

 | Hormonal activity | 
 | Calcium absorption |
|
|
|

 | Immune health | 
 | Bone health | 
 | Colon health | 
 | Mood/stress | 
 | Breast health | 
 | Maintain muscle health |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Effective antioxidant |
|
|
|

 | Immune health | 
 | Skin health | 
 | Cognitive function/brain health | 
 | Heart health | 
 | Prostate health | 
 | Eye Health |
|
 |
|
|
|

 | Normal blood coagulation | 
 | Osteocalcin synthesis |
|
|
|

 | Bone health |
|
 |

back to top
 |
 |
 Minerals |
 RDA/AI
 |
 Function
 |
 Upper Limits*/CRN Upper Limits**
 |
 Dosage for Additional Benefits
 |
 Health Benefits/Role
 |
 |
 |
|
|

 | Plays a role in cell membrane function and hormone action | 
 | Influences calcium homeostasis through vitamin D metabolism
|
|
|
|

 | Joint health | |
 |
|
|

 | 19-50 years: 1000 mg | 
 | 9-18 years: 1300 mg | 
 | 51+ years: 1200 mg |
|

 | Bone/teeth formation | 
 | Muscle contraction | 
 | Blood clotting |
|
|
|

 | Menstruation/menstrual cycle | 
 | Bone health | 
 | Menopause management | |
 |
|
|

 | 30-35 mcg (m) | 
 | 20-25 mcg (f) |
|

 | Glucose tolerance factor | 
 | Stabilizes RNA | 
 | Stimulates synthesis of fatty acids & cholesterol |
|
|
|

 | Diabetes support | |
 |
|
|
|

 | Cobalt is part of the vitamin B12 molecule as cobalamin | 
 | Plays a role in red blood cell production | 
 | Important for proper nervous system function
|
|
|
|

 | Nerve function | |
 |
|
|
|

 | Normal infant development
| 
 | Red and white blood cell maturation
| 
 | Iron transport
| 
 | Bone strength
| 
 | Cholesterol and glucose metabolism
| 
 | Myocardial contractility
| 
 | Brain development
| 
 | Immune function
| 
 | Protection against oxidative stress |
|
| CRN ULS 9 mg/US FNB UL 10 mg |
|
|

 | Immune health | |
 |
|
|
| 3 mg adult females/4 mg adult males |
|

 | Supports remineralization of enamel in early dental caries
| 
 | May reduce metabolism of bacteria in dental plaque
| 
 | Along with calcium stimulates new bone production
| 
 | May slow bone resorption and promote calcification
|
|
| Upper Limit: CRN UL 6 mg/US FNB UL 10 mg |
|
|

 | Healthy Teeth and Bones | |
 |
|
|
|

 | Important role in the formation of thyroid hormones necessary for the functioning of most organ systems. |
|
| CRN ULS 500 mcg/US FNB UL 1100 mcg |
|
|

 | Healthy Metabolism | |
 |
|
|

 | 19-50 (f): 18mg | 
 | 51-70 (f): 8mg | 
 | (m): 8 mg |
|

 | Synthesis of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen through the circulatory system to all tissues of the body. |
|
|
60-70 mg iron salts Higher dosing under physician supervision |
|

 | Iron deficiency anemia | |
 |
|
|

 | 310-320 mg (f) | 
 | 400-420 mg (m) |
|

 | 300 enzymatic reactions | 
 | Bone health |
|
350 mg UL applies to supplements only |
|
|

 | Menstruation/menstrual cycle | 
 | Bone health | 
 | Healthy blood flow | |
 |
|
|
| 1.8 mg adult females/2.3 mg adult males |
|

 | Involved in bone formation
| 
 | Involved in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism
| 
 | A trace element that functions as an enzyme activator and as a constituent of metalloenzymes
|
|
| CRN ULS 10 mg/US FNB 11 mg |
|
|

 | Bone health | 
 | Healthy Metabolism | |
 |
|
|
|

 | Functions as an enzyme cofactor
| 
 | Essential trace element required for enzyme activity
|
|
| CRN ULS 350 mcg/US FNB 2000 mcg |
|
|

 | Healthy Metabolism | |
 |
|
|
|

 | Essential mineral and one of body’s three main electrolytes
| 
 | Involved in many body processes including:
| 
 | Water balance and distribution
| 
 | Acid base balance
| 
 | Muscle and nerve cell function
| 
 | Energy production
| 
 | Heart, kidney and renal function
| 
 | Insulin secretion by the pancreas
|
|